Mülheim - Nachrichten aus Mülheim, Buchheim, Dellbrück, Dünnwald, Flittard, Höhenhaus, Holweide, Stammheim, Buchforst. Restaurantfinder. Geben Sie einen gewünschten Ort ein und Sie erhalten eine Übersicht über die nächsten Pizza Hut Restaurants und Express- Stores. Jede Woche ein neues leckeres Rezept. Genießen Sie diese Woche den VERPOORTEN Schokoladen-Tassenkuchen. Hier geht es direkt zu dem Rezept > VERPOORTEN ….
Cologne - Wikipedia"Koln" redirects here. It is not to be confused with KOLN. Cologne. Köln. Cologne within North Rhine- Westphalia Coordinates: 5. N6°5. 7′1. 0″E / 5. N 6. 9. 52. 78°E / 5. Coordinates: 5. 0°5. N6°5. 7′1. 0″E / 5. N 6. 9. 52. 78°E / 5. Country. Germany. State. North Rhine- Westphalia. Admin. region. Cologne. District. Urban districts of Germany. Founded. 38 BCGovernment • Lord Mayor. Henriette Reker. Area • City. Elevation. 37 m (1. Population (2. 01. City. 1,0. 60,5. 82 • Density. Metro. 3,5. 73,5. Time zone. CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)Postal codes. Dialling codes. 02. Porz)Vehicle registration. KWebsitewww. stadt- koeln. Cologne (English pronunciation: ; German: Köln, pronounced[kœln] (listen), Colognian: Kölle[ˈkœɫə] (listen)) is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine- Westphalia and the fourth- largest city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich). It is located within the Rhine- Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, the largest in Germany. Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine River, less than eighty kilometres from Belgium. The city's famous Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom) is the seat of the Catholic. Archbishop of Cologne. The University of Cologne (Universität zu Köln) is one of Europe's oldest and largest universities.[2]Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the first century AD as the Roman. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, from which it gets its name.[3] "Cologne", the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 4. During the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. Cologne was one of the leading members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval and Renaissance times. Up until World War II the city had undergone several occupations by the French and also by the British (1. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropping 3. The bombing reduced the population by 9. With the intention of restoring as many historic buildings as possible, the successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape. Cologne is a major cultural centre for the Rhineland; it hosts more than thirty museums and hundreds of galleries. Exhibitions range from local ancient Roman archeological sites to contemporary graphics and sculpture. The Cologne Trade Fair hosts a number of trade shows such as Art Cologne, imm Cologne, Gamescom, and the Photokina. History[edit]Roman Cologne[edit]The first urban settlement on the grounds of modern- day Cologne was Oppidum Ubiorum, founded in 3. BC by the Ubii, a Cisrhenian. Germanic tribe. In 5. AD, the Romans founded Colonia on the Rhine[3] and the city became the provincial capital of Germania Inferior in 8. AD.[5] The city was named "Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium" in 5. AD.[5] Considerable Roman remains can be found in present- day Cologne, especially near the wharf area, where a notable discovery of a 1. Roman boat was made in late 2. From 2. 60 to 2. 71 Cologne was the capital of the Gallic Empire under Postumus, Marius, and Victorinus. In 3. 10 under Constantine a bridge was built over the Rhine at Cologne. Roman imperial governors resided in the city and it became one of the most important trade and production centres in the Roman Empire north of the Alps.[3] Cologne is shown on the 4th century. Peutinger Map. Maternus, who was elected as bishop in 3. Cologne. The city was the capital of a Roman province until occupied by the Ripuarian Franks in 4. Parts of the original Roman sewers are preserved underneath the city, with the new sewerage system having opened in 1. Middle Ages[edit]Early medieval Cologne was part of Austrasia within the Frankish Empire. Cologne had been the seat of a bishop since the Roman period; under Charlemagne, in 7. Hildebold was promoted to archbishop.[3] In 8. Cologne became a city within the Treaty of Verdun- created East Francia. In 9. 53, the archbishops of Cologne first gained noteworthy secular power, when bishop Bruno was appointed as duke by his brother Otto I, King of Germany. In order to weaken the secular nobility, who threatened his power, Otto endowed Bruno and his successors on the bishop's see with the prerogatives of secular princes, thus establishing the Electorate of Cologne, formed by the temporal possessions of the archbishopric and included in the end a strip of territory along the left Bank of the Rhine east of Jülich, as well as the Duchy of Westphalia on the other side of the Rhine, beyond Berg and Mark. By the end of the 1. Archbishop of Cologne was one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Emperor. Besides being prince elector, he was Arch- chancellor of Italy as well, technically from 1. Following the Battle of Worringen in 1. Cologne gained its independence from the archbishops and became a Free City. Archbishop Sigfried II von Westerburg was forced into exile in Bonn.[7] The archbishop nevertheless preserved the right of capital punishment. Thus the municipal council (though in strict political opposition towards the archbishop) depended upon him in all matters concerning criminal justice. This included torture, which sentence was only allowed to be handed down by the episcopal judge, the so- called "Greve". This legal situation lasted until the French conquest of Cologne.[citation needed]Besides its economic and political significance Cologne also became an important centre of medieval pilgrimage, when Cologne's Archbishop Rainald of Dassel gave the relics of the Three Wise Men to Cologne's cathedral in 1. Milan). Besides the three magi Cologne preserves the relics of Saint Ursula and Albertus Magnus.[8]Cologne's location on the river Rhine placed it at the intersection of the major trade routes between east and west as well as the main Western Europe trade route, South - North Northern Italy- Flanders. These two trade routes were the basis of Cologne's growth. By 1. 30. 0 the city population were 5. Cologne was a member of the Hanseatic League in 1. Frederick III confirmed the city's imperial immediacy.[3]Early modern history[edit]The economic structures of medieval and early modern Cologne were characterised by the city's status as a major harbour and transport hub on the Rhine. Craftsmanship was organised by self- administering guilds, some of which were exclusive to women. As a free city, Cologne was a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire and as such had the right (and obligation) to maintain its own military force. As they wore a red uniform, these troops were known as the Rote Funken (red sparks). These soldiers were part of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire ("Reichskontingent") and fought in the wars of the 1. France, when the small force was almost completely wiped out in combat. The tradition of these troops is preserved as a military persiflage by Cologne's most outstanding carnival society, the Rote Funken.[1. The free city of Cologne must not be confused with the Archbishopric of Cologne which was a state of its own within the Holy Roman Empire. Since the second half of the 1. Bavaria. Wittelsbach dynasty. Due to the free status of Cologne, the archbishops were usually not allowed to enter the city. Thus they took up residence in Bonn and later in Brühl on the Rhine. As members of an influential and powerful family, and supported by their outstanding status as electors, the archbishops of Cologne repeatedly challenged and threatened the free status of Cologne during the 1. Holy Roman Empire. From the 1. 9th century until World War II[edit]Cologne lost its status as a free city during the French period. According to the Peace Treaty of Lunéville (1. Holy Roman Empire on the left bank of the Rhine were officially incorporated into the French Republic (which had already occupied Cologne in 1. Thus this region later became part of Napoleon's Empire. Cologne was part of the French Département. Roer (named after the River Roer, German: Rur) with Aachen (French: Aix- la- Chapelle) as its capital. The French modernised public life, for example by introducing the Napoleonic code and removing the old elites from power. The Napoleonic code remained in use on the left bank of the Rhine until 1. Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) was introduced in the German Empire. In 1. 81. 5 at the Congress of Vienna, Cologne was made part of the Kingdom of Prussia, first in the Jülich- Cleves- Berg province and then the Rhine province. The permanent tensions between the Roman Catholic Rhineland and the overwhelmingly Protestant Prussian state repeatedly escalated with Cologne being in the focus of the conflict. In 1. 83. 7 the archbishop of Cologne, Clemens August von Droste- Vischering, was arrested and imprisoned for two years after a dispute over the legal status of marriages between Protestants and Roman Catholics (Mischehenstreit). In 1. 87. 4, during the Kulturkampf, Archbishop Paul Melchers was imprisoned before taking refuge in the Netherlands. These conflicts alienated the Catholic population from Berlin and contributed to a deeply felt anti- Prussian resentment, which was still significant after World War II, when the former mayor of Cologne, Konrad Adenauer, became the first West German chancellor. During the 1. 9th and 2. Cologne absorbed numerous surrounding towns, and by World War I had already grown to 7. Industrialisation changed the city and spurred its growth. Vehicle and engine manufacturing were especially successful, though heavy industry was less ubiquitous than in the Ruhr area. The cathedral, started in 1. German national monument celebrating the newly founded German empire and the continuity of the German nation since the Middle Ages.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |